{"id":35435,"date":"2024-06-06T10:18:11","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T08:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deepseareporter.dev.phosdev.se\/?p=35435"},"modified":"2025-02-26T14:46:38","modified_gmt":"2025-02-26T13:46:38","slug":"sa-paverkar-eu-havet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deepseareporter.dev.phosdev.se\/sv\/sa-paverkar-eu-havet\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e5 p\u00e5verkar EU havet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cirka 80 procent av nationell milj\u00f6lagstiftning f\u00f6r EU:s medlemsstater p\u00e5verkas av beslut av EU. Det <\/strong>stundande Europaparlamentsvalet<\/strong><\/a> sker vart femte \u00e5r. Men utslaget i valet kan f\u00e5 l\u00e5ngsiktiga konsekvenser f\u00f6r havets h\u00e4lsa, bortom den fem\u00e5riga mandatperioden. <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Europeiska parlamentet i Bryssel. Foto: Envato <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e4r \u00e4r n\u00e5gra av de fr\u00e5gor om havet som EU har stort inflytande p\u00e5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skydd av havet och dess inv\u00e5nare<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Europaparlamentet spelar en nyckelroll i att stifta lagar som p\u00e5verkar bevarandet av marina ekosystem. EU har lagar och policyer f\u00f6r att skydda havet. Deras Marine Strategy Framework Directive<\/a> och Natura 2000-n\u00e4tverk<\/a> \u00e4r viktiga f\u00f6r detta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art- och habitatdirektivet skyddar biologisk m\u00e5ngfald genom att bevara naturliga livsmilj\u00f6er och vilda djur och v\u00e4xter. Genom att skydda havet s\u00e5 skyddar man \u00e4ven ekosystemtj\u00e4nster som turism, kustskydd och fiske.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plast i havet<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Raja Ampat Indonesien. Foto: Tobias Dahlin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En vanlig f\u00f6rorening i haven idag \u00e4r plast<\/a>. I v\u00e5ra hav flyter det mer \u00e4n runt 150 miljoner ton plast och det \u00f6kar med 5 till 13 miljoner ton varje \u00e5r. Ber\u00e4kningar visar att 80\u201385 procent av det marina skr\u00e4pet i EU best\u00e5r av plast. Av detta \u00e4r 50 procent produkter f\u00f6r eng\u00e5ngsbruk och 27 procent fiskerelaterade f\u00f6rem\u00e5l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU har satt upp m\u00e5l f\u00f6r att all plastf\u00f6rpackning ska vara \u00e5tervinningsbar eller \u00e5teranv\u00e4ndbar till 2030. De har \u00e4ven inf\u00f6rt f\u00f6rbud mot vissa eng\u00e5ngsprodukter<\/a> och krav p\u00e5 minskad anv\u00e4ndning av annan eng\u00e5ngsplast. F\u00f6r att uppn\u00e5 god milj\u00f6status ska medlemsl\u00e4nder minska plastavfall i havet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fiske<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Fiskeb\u00e5tar i hamnen i Lauwersoog, Nederl\u00e4nderna. Foto: Envato <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fiske p\u00e5verkar havet genom att minska best\u00e5nden av kommersiellt viktiga arter, vilket kan leda till obalanser i marina ekosystem och f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4var, samt att bottentr\u00e5lning skadar havsbottnens habitat<\/a> och p\u00e5verkar b\u00e5de bottenlevande arter och den biologiska m\u00e5ngfalden negativt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik<\/a> har som m\u00e5l att f\u00f6rvalta fiskeresurserna h\u00e5llbart, b\u00e5de ekonomiskt och milj\u00f6m\u00e4ssigt. Fiskeriutskottet inom EU-parlamentet granskar lagf\u00f6rslag fr\u00e5n EU-kommissionen innan de g\u00e5r till omr\u00f6stning i parlamentet. Det internationella havsforskningsr\u00e5det (ICES)<\/a> ger rekommendationer om h\u00e5llbara fiskekvoter baserade p\u00e5 best\u00e5ndsbed\u00f6mningar f\u00f6r att informera beslutsfattarna. En fler\u00e5rig f\u00f6rvaltningsplan inneh\u00e5ller regler som ”5-procentsregeln”, som s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller att f\u00e5ngstkvoter fastst\u00e4lls p\u00e5 ett s\u00e4tt som minimerar risken f\u00f6r att best\u00e5nden faller under kritiska niv\u00e5er. Trots detta sattes 2024 \u00e5rs fiskekvoter \u00f6ver de h\u00e5llbara niv\u00e5er<\/a> enligt forskare fr\u00e5n ICES.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Foto: Envato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Havet reglerar en stor del av klimatet p\u00e5 jorden genom att ta upp mer \u00e4n 90 procent av \u00f6verskottsv\u00e4rmen och mellan 20 och 30 procent av koldioxidutsl\u00e4ppen, enligt den Internationella klimatpanelen (IPCC). P\u00e5 grund av klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar blir havet allt varmare<\/a>, vilket p\u00e5verkar hela ekosystemet och g\u00f6r det sv\u00e5rare f\u00f6r haven att ta upp koldioxid, vilket kan f\u00f6rv\u00e4rra klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna ytterligare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att ta itu med klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna har Europaparlamentet har antagit en europeisk klimatlag<\/a>. Det inneb\u00e4r att EU ska bli klimatneutralt senast 2050, och ett m\u00e5l att till \u00e5r 2030 minska nettoutl\u00e4ppen med minst 55 procent j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med \u00e5r 1990. B\u00e5da m\u00e5len \u00e4r r\u00e4ttsligt bindande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU:s system f\u00f6r handel med utsl\u00e4ppsr\u00e4tter (ETS)<\/a> har som m\u00e5l att minska industrins koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp genom att kr\u00e4va tillst\u00e5nd fr\u00e5n f\u00f6retagen f\u00f6r varje ton koldioxid som de sl\u00e4pper ut. ETS \u00e4r v\u00e4rldens st\u00f6rsta koldioxidmarknad och reglerar cirka 40 procent av EU:s totala utsl\u00e4pp av v\u00e4xthusgaser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utsl\u00e4pp av n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen och kemikalier<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Alger i vattnet. Foto: Envato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Utsl\u00e4pp av kemikalier och n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen i havet kan skada marina ekosystem, hota biologisk m\u00e5ngfald, leda till d\u00f6da zoner med syrebrist<\/a> och p\u00e5verka m\u00e4nniskors h\u00e4lsa genom f\u00f6rorenad fisk och f\u00f6rv\u00e4rrade klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar. Effekten av m\u00e5nga kemikalier p\u00e5 havets h\u00e4lsa \u00e4r fortfarande ok\u00e4nd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU:s vatten- och havsmilj\u00f6direktiv har som m\u00e5l att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra vattenkvaliteten genom att minska f\u00f6roreningar som kemikalier och n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen samt att uppn\u00e5 god milj\u00f6status i marina vatten. EU reglerar \u00e4ven anv\u00e4ndningen av PFAS<\/a> genom att inf\u00f6ra str\u00e4ngare regler och f\u00f6rbud (bland annat gr\u00e4nsv\u00e4rden f\u00f6r dricksvatten) f\u00f6r att begr\u00e4nsa anv\u00e4ndningen och utsl\u00e4ppen av dessa skadliga kemikalier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cirka 80 procent av nationell milj\u00f6lagstiftning f\u00f6r EU:s medlemsstater p\u00e5verkas av beslut av EU. Det stundande Europaparlamentsvalet sker vart femte \u00e5r. Men utslaget i valet kan f\u00e5 l\u00e5ngsiktiga konsekvenser f\u00f6r havets h\u00e4lsa, bortom den fem\u00e5riga mandatperioden. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":35436,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[580],"tags":[1190,2475,236,1189,339,322,1137,690,2407,1566,1394],"class_list":["post-35435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internationellt","tag-bottentralning","tag-eu-valet","tag-fiske","tag-ices-2","tag-klimatforandringar","tag-natura-2000","tag-overfiske","tag-overgodning","tag-plast-i-havet","tag-utslapp","tag-varmare-hav"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e5 p\u00e5verkar EU havet - Deep Sea Reporter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cirka 80 procent av nationell milj\u00f6lagstiftning f\u00f6r EU:s medlemsstater p\u00e5verkas av beslut av EU. 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